[221], In 2017, out of the U.S. foreign-born population, some 45% (20.7 million) were naturalized citizens, 27% (12.3 million) were lawful permanent residents, 6% (2.2 million) were temporary lawful residents, and 23% (10.5 million) were unauthorized immigrants. 2015 population estimate for: American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, and Virgin Islands; 2019 population estimate for Puerto Rico. Learn about government programs that provide financial help for individuals and organizations. [183][281] The United Nations assigns the United States an Education Index of 0.97, tying it for 12th in the world.[282]. [76], The Second Continental Congress unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776; this day is celebrated annually as Independence Day. In English, the word "American" rarely refers to topics or subjects not directly connected with the United States. It has a smaller welfare state and redistributes less income through government action than most European nations. Banking became a major part of the economy, with J. P. Morgan playing a notable role. [289][290], The United States is a federal republic of 50 states, a federal district, five territories and several uninhabited island possessions. While the U.S. and Soviet Union engaged in proxy wars and developed powerful nuclear arsenals, the two countries avoided direct military conflict. [130][131] The United States eventually developed the first nuclear weapons and used them on Japan in the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945; the Japanese surrendered on September 2, ending World War II. [515] The most-watched individual sports are golf and auto racing, particularly NASCAR and IndyCar. [287][288] As of 2018[update], student loan debt exceeded 1.5 trillion dollars. [49] Successful English settlement of the eastern coast of North America began with the Virginia Colony in 1607 at Jamestown and with the Pilgrims colony at Plymouth in 1620. [410], Accounting for 4.24% of the global population, Americans collectively possess 29.4% of the world's total wealth, the largest percentage of any country. [276] The U.S. spends more on education per student than any nation in the world,[277] spending an average of $12,794 per year on public elementary and secondary school students in the 2016–2017 school year. Democratic Joe Biden, the winner of the 2020 presidential election and former vice president, is serving as the 46th president of the United States. [250] Apart from Baptists, other Protestant categories include nondenominational Protestants, Methodists, Pentecostals, unspecified Protestants, Lutherans, Presbyterians, Congregationalists, other Reformed, Episcopalians/Anglicans, Quakers, Adventists, Holiness, Christian fundamentalists, Anabaptists, Pietists, and multiple others. [144][145][146] Meanwhile, a counterculture movement grew, which was fueled by opposition to the Vietnam war, the Black Power movement, and the sexual revolution. [178][179] Hawaii, occupying an archipelago in the central Pacific, southwest of North America, is 10,931 square miles (28,311 km2) in area. [461] Whether this perception is accurate has been a topic of debate. [192] The Great Plains west of the 100th meridian are semi-arid. [520], Well-known newspapers include The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, and USA Today. United Tates of America is a multi-voiced recording narrated by Carmen Viviano-Crafts and the talented Full Cast Audio family of actors. [366], The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and one of nine countries to possess nuclear weapons. The Italian explorer was the first to postulate that the West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern limit but were part of a previously unknown landmass. [307], The 50 states are the principal political divisions in the country. [429] In 2011, 16.7 million children lived in food-insecure households, about 35% more than 2007 levels, though only 845,000 U.S. children (1.1%) saw reduced food intake or disrupted eating patterns at some point during the year, and most cases were not chronic. [231], English (specifically, American English) is the de facto national language of the United States. Yes, our government and job market is shit. [431] In 2017, the U.S. states or territories with the lowest and highest poverty rates were New Hampshire (7.6%) and American Samoa (65%), respectively. [37][38] This was likely the first of three major waves of migration into North America; later waves brought the ancestors of present-day Athabaskans, Aleuts, and Eskimos.[39]. Until 2017, the United States led the world in refugee resettlement for decades, admitting more refugees than the rest of the world combined. [319] Leadership in the House includes Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, Majority Leader Steny Hoyer, and Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy. The Organization of American States (OAS) is the world's oldest regional organization, dating back to the First International Conference of American States, held in Washington, D.C., from October 1889 to April 1890. [70] All nonetheless had local governments with elections open to most free men. [186] Farther west are the rocky Great Basin and deserts such as the Chihuahua and Mojave. [140][141] In 1959, the United States formally expanded beyond the contiguous United States when the territories of Alaska and Hawaii became, respectively, the 49th and 50th states admitted into the Union. [229] In 2013, the average age at first birth was 26, and 41% of births were to unmarried women. [472] Georgia O'Keeffe, Marsden Hartley, and others experimented with new, individualistic styles. [221] Asian Americans are the country's second-largest racial minority (the three largest Asian ethnic groups are Chinese, Filipino, and Indian). Marital Status of the Population 15 Years Old and Over, by Sex, Race and Hispanic Origin: 1950 to Present", "National Vital Statistics Volume 67, Number 1, January 31, 2018", "U.S. has world's highest rate of children living in single-parent households", "States Where English Is the Official Language", "The Constitution of the State of Hawaii, Article XV, Section 4", "Alaska OKs Bill Making Native Languages Official", "South Dakota recognizes official indigenous language", "Foreign Language Enrollments in K–12 Public Schools", "Enrollments in Languages Other Than English in United States Institutions of Higher Education, Fall 2013", "Church Statistics and Religious Affiliations", "American Religious Identification Survey 2001", "U.S. Church Membership Falls Below Majority for First Time", "Mississippians Go to Church the Most; Vermonters, Least", "Life Expectancy in the United States (2019), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention", "New International Report on Health Care: U.S. [207][208] The most prominent environmental agency is the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), created by presidential order in 1970. and there is the US government, which is a corporate government, or corporation. Additionally, the Trail of Tears in the 1830s exemplified the Indian removal policy that forcibly resettled Indians. Estimating the native population of North America at the time of European contact is difficult. Ten territories (the Minor Outlying Islands and American Samoa) are considered to be unorganized, meaning they have not had an Organic Act enacted by Congress; the four other territories are organized, meaning they have had an Organic Act that has been enacted by Congress. This further expanded acreage under mechanical cultivation, increasing surpluses for international markets. [280] The basic literacy rate is approximately 99%. The California Gold Rush of 1848–49 spurred migration to the Pacific coast, which led to the California Genocide[92] and the creation of additional western states. "[469], Thirteen U.S. citizens have won the Nobel Prize in Literature. Millions moved from farms and inner cities to large suburban housing developments. Major cities may also support a local business journal, trade papers relating to local industries, and papers for local ethnic and social groups. NCHS Releases New Monthly Provisional Estimates on Drug Overdose Deaths, "U.S. life expectancy declines again, a dismal trend not seen since World War I", "US Tumbles Down the World Ratings List for Life Expectancy", "How does U.S. life expectancy compare to other countries? In the North, it energized multiple social reform movements, including abolitionism;[83] in the South, Methodists and Baptists proselytized among slave populations. There are forty-eight states that border each other and Washington, D.C., the capital district. Rock bands such as Metallica, the Eagles, and Aerosmith are among the highest grossing in worldwide sales. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to the current total of 50, and each new state is admitted on an equal footing with the existing states.[7]. [72] The Christian revivalist movement of the 1730s and 1740s known as the Great Awakening fueled interest both in religion and in religious liberty. [156] Due to the dot-com boom, stable monetary policy, and reduced social welfare spending, the 1990s saw the longest economic expansion in modern U.S. [44] Anthropologist Henry F. Dobyns believed the populations were much higher, suggesting around 1.1 million along the shores of the Gulf of Mexico, 2.2 million people living between Florida and Massachusetts, 5.2 million in the Mississippi Valley and tributaries, and around 700,000 people in the Florida peninsula. [393] In August 2010, the American labor force consisted of 154.1 million people (50%). [103], The United States fought Indian Wars west of the Mississippi River from 1810 to at least 1890. In the 20th century, the work of W. V. O. Quine and Richard Rorty, and later Noam Chomsky, brought analytic philosophy to the fore of American philosophical academia. [265] U.S. teenage pregnancy and abortion rates are substantially higher than in other Western nations, especially among blacks and Hispanics. Each state is represented by two senators, while representatives are distributed among the states in proportion to the most recent constitutionally mandated decennial census. [306] The Supreme Court, led by the chief justice of the United States, has nine members, who serve for life. At that meeting the establishment of the International Union of American Republics was approved. [203][204], Environmental issues include debates on oil and nuclear energy, dealing with air and water pollution, the economic costs of protecting wildlife, logging and deforestation,[205][206] and climate change. After the Civil War, Charles Sanders Peirce and then William James and John Dewey were leaders in the development of pragmatism. [116] The 1920s and 1930s saw the rise of radio for mass communication and the invention of early television. While most major U.S. sports such as baseball and American football have evolved out of European practices, basketball, volleyball, skateboarding, and snowboarding are American inventions, some of which have become popular worldwide. "United Tates of America" is funny, well-written, thoroughly entertaining, and also deals thoughtfully with some difficult issues, including death and how to answer a late elementary/early middle schooler's concern about feeling responsible for the death of a loved one. [106] In 1893, pro-American elements in Hawaii overthrew the Hawaiian monarchy and formed the Republic of Hawaii, which the U.S. annexed in 1898. [104] Most of these conflicts ended with the cession of Native American territory and their confinement to Indian reservations. William Faulkner, Ernest Hemingway and John Steinbeck are often named among the most influential writers of the 20th century. [458][459][460], The American Dream, or the perception that Americans enjoy high social mobility, plays a key role in attracting immigrants. College football and basketball attract large audiences. [344], During fiscal year 2012, the federal government spent $3.54 trillion on a budget or cash basis. [404] The latter led to emergence of the worldwide entertainment industry. [422], After years of stagnation, median household income reached a record high in 2016 following two consecutive years of record growth. 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