portrait of emile zola

Émile Zola, in full Émile-Édouard-Charles-Antoine Zola, (born April 2, 1840, Paris, France—died September 28, 1902, Paris), French novelist, critic, and political activist who was the most prominent French novelist of the late 19th century. Zola’s project, originally involving 10 novels, each featuring a different member of the same family, was gradually expanded to comprise the 20 volumes of the Rougon-Macquart series. During his early years, Zola wrote numerous short stories and essays, four plays, and three novels. Dreyfus applied for a retrial, but the government countered by offering Dreyfus a pardon (rather than exoneration), which would allow him to go free, provided that he admit to being guilty. In early October the family moved to London and then his wife and children went back to France so the children could resume their schooling. Four years later, in 1847, his father died, leaving his mother on a meager pension. In the political novel Son Excellence Eugène Rougon, the eponymous minister's interventions on behalf of his so-called friends, have their consequences elsewhere, and the reader is witness to some of them. C'est ainsi que Stéphane Mallarmé a pu dire : « Pour en revenir au naturalisme, il me paraît qu'il faut entendre par là littérature d'Émile Zola et que le mot mourra, en effet, lorsque Zola aura achevé son œuvre. He was also an aggressive critic, his articles on literature and art appearing in Villemessant's journal L'Événement. [36] On the other hand, Zola's enemies used the opportunity to celebrate in malicious glee. Unlike Balzac, who in the midst of his literary career resynthesized his work into La Comédie Humaine, Zola from the start, at the age of 28, had thought of the complete layout of the series. Cézanne, in particular, chose to see the novel as a thinly disguised commentary on his own temperament and talent. Zola’s friendship with Cézanne and the other artists was, however, irreparably damaged by the publication of his novel L’Oeuvre (1886; The Masterpiece), which depicts the life of an innovative painter who, unable to realize his creative potential, ends up hanging himself in front of his final painting. Picquart was detained on charges of violation of professional secrecy. [13] In 1865, he met Éléonore-Alexandrine Meley, who called herself Gabrielle, a seamstress, who became his mistress. Zola's intention was that he be prosecuted for libel so that the new evidence in support of Dreyfus would be made public. Emile Zola était aussi un homme engagé politiquement, il travaillé à la libéralisation politique de la France. [33] His funeral on 5 October was attended by thousands. In Zola's words, which are the subtitle of the Rougon-Macquart series, they are "L'Histoire naturelle et sociale d'une famille sous le Second Empire" ("The natural and social history of a family under the Second Empire"). As the founder and most celebrated member of the naturalist movement, Zola published several treatises to explain his theories on art, including Le Roman expérimental (1880; The Experimental Novel) and Les Romanciers naturalistes (1881; The Naturalist Novelists). Except for widows, this was the only category of women who had no male providers. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Newspaper depiction of Émile Zola in court during his trial for defamation of the French military, 1898. Updates? In Paris, Zola maintained his friendship with Cézanne, who painted a portrait of him with another friend from Aix-en-Provence, writer Paul Alexis, entitled Paul Alexis Reading to Zola. The manifesto accused Zola of having "lowered the standard of Naturalism, of catering to large sales by deliberate obscenities, of being a morbid and impotent hypochondriac, incapable of taking a sane and healthy view of mankind. They freely referred to Zola's physiological weaknesses and expressed the utmost horror at the crudeness of La Terre."[32]. La Curée est un roman d’Émile Zola paru en 1871. The experimental novel was to serve as a vehicle for scientific experiment, analogous to the experiments conducted by Claude Bernard and expounded by him in Introduction à la médecine expérimentale. Zola went on to produce these 20 novels—most of which are of substantial length—at the rate of nearly one per year, completing the series in 1893. Having sufficiently established his reputation as a writer to support himself and his mother, albeit meagerly, as a freelance journalist, Zola left his job at Hachette to pursue his literary interests. He subsisted by pawning his few belongings and, according to legend, by eating sparrows trapped outside his attic window. In 1870 Zola married Gabrielle-Alexandrine Meley, who had been his companion and lover for almost five years, and the young couple assumed the care of Zola’s mother. Letters to a young contrarian. Zola was initially buried in the Cimetière de Montmartre in Paris, but on 4 June 1908, just five years and nine months after his death, his remains were relocated to the Panthéon, where he shares a crypt with Victor Hugo and Alexandre Dumas. Though Paris has its role in La Bête humaine the most striking incidents (notably the train crash) take place elsewhere. In Aix, Zola was a schoolmate of the painter Paul Cézanne, who would later join him in Paris and introduce him to Édouard Manet and the Impressionist painters. It was this interest in science that led Zola, in the fall of 1868, to conceive the idea of a large-scale series of novels similar to Honoré de Balzac’s La Comédie humaine (The Human Comedy), which had appeared earlier in the century. [27] The case, known as the Dreyfus affair, deeply divided France between the reactionary army and Catholic church on one hand, and the more liberal commercial society on the other. Letter from Émile Zola to Jules Lemaître, 14 March 1885. In 1888, he was given a camera, but he only began to use it in 1895 and obtained a near professional level of expertise. "[31] Anti-semitism caused senior officers to suspect Dreyfus, though there was no direct evidence of any wrongdoing. [26] on the front page of the Paris daily L'Aurore. Les images Albums et explorations visuelles Vidéos et conférences Articles et dossiers Livres interactifs Pour enfants Repères (bios, chronos, cartes) Biblios, anthologies Pistes pédagogiques [citation needed] The great natural processes of seedtime and harvest, death and renewal in La Terre are instinct with a vitality which is not human but is the elemental energy of life. Zola was prosecuted for libel and found guilty. Though born in Paris in 1840, Zola spent his youth in Aix-en-Provence in southern France, where his father, a civil engineer of Italian descent, was involved in the construction of a municipal water system. The newspaper was run by Ernest Vaughan and Georges Clemenceau, who decided that the controversial story would be in the form of an open letter to the President, Félix Faure. Although he was clearly not guilty, he chose to accept the pardon. Alexandrine Zola had a child before she met Zola that she had given up, because she was unable to take care of it. "[6] He was a major figure in the political liberalization of France and in the exoneration of the falsely accused and convicted army officer Alfred Dreyfus, which is encapsulated in the renowned newspaper headline J'Accuse…! [25], He is considered to be a significant influence on those writers that are credited with the creation of the so-called new journalism; Wolfe, Capote, Thompson, Mailer, Didion, Talese and others. With Guillaume Canet, Guillaume Gallienne, Alice Pol, Déborah François. Dreyfus was finally completely exonerated by the Supreme Court in 1906. However, Picquart's findings were communicated by his lawyer to the Senator Auguste Scheurer-Kestner, who took up the case, at first discreetly and then increasingly publicly. In 1858, the Zolas moved to Paris, where Émile's childhood friend Paul Cézanne soon joined him. [30], Zola said of the affair, "The truth is on the march, and nothing shall stop it. Meanwhile, further evidence was brought forward by Dreyfus's family and Esterhazy's estranged family and creditors. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Emile-Zola, The Literature Network - Biography of Emile Zola, JewishEncyclopedia.com - Biography of Emile Zola, Émile Zola - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Lt. Col. Georges Picquart came across evidence that implicated another officer, Ferdinand Walsin Esterhazy, and informed his superiors. [12] She stayed with him all his life and was instrumental in promoting his work. Tom Wolfe wrote that his goal in writing fiction was to document contemporary society in the tradition of John Steinbeck, Charles Dickens, and Émile Zola. Omissions? Author of. [citation needed], Zola was brought to trial for criminal libel on 7 February 1898, and was convicted on 23 February and removed from the Legion of Honour. 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