Haymarket was not unique in the autumn of 1861, for there were hospital sites just like the one at St. Paul’s near practically every army camp, Union and Confederate, from Virginia to Texas. In the Confederate army, 75 percent of the men served in the infantry, 20 percent in the cavalry, and 5 percent in artillery. Oates and his men roamed fields where the grass was still stained red with dried blood, where unexploded shells lay exposed to view, and where minié balls covered patches of ground in a thick lead carpet. A Civil War book full of charts, graphs and tables, even when it is combined with intriguing human interest profiles of soldiers who fought in our nation’s epic four-year struggle, can be a risky undertaking for any author. Black soldiers were initially paid just $10 per month–minus the $3 clothing allowance that white troops received. Over 426,000 Confederates were captured, of which some 248,000 were paroled in the field; imprisoned in the North, and 26,000, or 12% of those sent to POW camps, died in captivity. The Wages of War U.S., American Civil War Regiments, 1861-1866. George Washington and a Gang of Revolutionary War Veterans Racked Up an... Nation’s Oldest Medal of Honor Recipient Dies at 99. Our line of historical magazines includes America's Civil War, American History, Aviation History, Civil War Times, Military History, MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History, Vietnam, Wild West and World War II. Between 250,000 and 420,000 males under 17 were involved in the American Civil War, for the Union and the Confederacy combined. Oates, however, released Cody from duty from several days and allowed him to get stronger. The 15th Alabama went into camp beside the 21st North Carolina, the 16th Mississippi, and the 21st Georgia Regiments. Exact figures for the South are sketchy, but tens of thousands of Irish, Germans, British, French, Canadians, Dutch, and Austrians entered Confederate ranks. Other information on the site includes histories of Union and Confederate regiments, links to descriptions of significant battles, and selected lists of prisoner-of-war records and cemetery records, which will be amended over time. The authors do not neglect the complex questions concerning why humans are willing to risk their own lives to fight and kill other humans. The men of the 15th Alabama, and of a good number of other regiments as well, kept dying. The doctor told him to stay in his tent, which soldiers were not allowed to do, especially when it came time for drill and dress parade. One soldier said of Stanford that he missed “no opportunity to provide for the well-being of the invalids.” This Alabamian had nothing but praise for the good doctor: “All of his time and talent is devoted to his profession and the amelioration of the suffering. Measles cut through the ranks of the 15th Alabama at the encampment like a biblical plague or the medieval Black Death. There are many answers to this question, not always involving ideological passions and patriotism. Stanford had carefully selected Haymarket as the site of the regimental hospital. It also shocked international observers. Search the Civil War Soldiers and Sailors Database on the Internet. Total numbers of the Union armies are estimated to be between 1.5 million and 2.4 million. Of the 10,500 armed conflicts that occurred during the Civil War, nearly 400 were identified as the principal battles. In the Civil War, measles was by far, as Oates himself declared, “the worst enemy of our army,” for it spread rapidly among the adult soldiers who had developed no immunity to the disease and who could do nothing to fight it. Johnny Reb and Billy Yank loved to sing–on the march, in camp, and sometimes even in battle. Oates became outraged at the desperate situation. Oates was named captain of Company G. From Fort Mitchell on the Chattahoochee River, Cantey moved his regiment—about 1,000 men strong—north by train to Richmond, where the 15th Alabama spent a few weeks drilling and training. Teach using Civil War Documents Use our online tool, DocsTeach, for teaching with primary source South and west of the town a marshy stretch of woods produced more than a sufficient quantity of “bad air” and “bad water” that Civil War doctors incorrectly believed were the causes of contagious diseases. Ancestry.com . By August, Johnston’s army numbered less than 40,000 soldiers, and the general believed he needed more men to keep the Federal army from contemplating—and perhaps succeeding in—another southward push. For some, those who held to their faith, knowing they were housed in a church gave them succor and hope. Traditional histories of the Civil War steer clear of sex and birth control in favor of heroes and battles. Most soldiers were between the ages of 18 and 39 with an average age just under 26. According to one Alabama soldier, Gill’s speech “did our hearts good,” for apparently the governor stirringly invoked the memory of Patrick Henry who, 80 years before, had denounced King George III by declaring, “Give me liberty, or give me death!” Once on the train, the men gave a rousing Rebel yell, the whistle blew, and the wooden stock cars lurched forward toward Manassas Junction. The village, located about six miles southwest of the Manassas battlefield, was not a perfect place to set up a hospital. At The Toy Soldier Company, we offer well over 1700 figure and accessory sets which are devoted to the American Civil War. “It was a wonder to us,” wrote McClendon, “how a man could live in such a place.”. Coolidge received the Medal of Honor on June 18, 1945... Get inside articles from the world's premier publisher of history magazines. Soldiers had to deal with much boredom. As the train carrying the 15th Alabama passed through little hamlets—places no bigger or even smaller than Abbeville, the county seat where Oates had mustered in the Henry Pioneers—on its ambling journey north, Virginians stood by the tracks cheering the soldiers and waving their hats and handkerchiefs. At each stop, Gus McClendon, one of Oates’s privates in Company G, remembered that “the patriotic ladies and beautiful Virginia girls would be gathered…to welcome us, distributing their fruits and flowers and cheering us on with expressions of delight when informed we were from Alabama.”, It took all day for the train to reach Manassas Junction, where the men of the 15th Alabama got off the cars, formed ranks, and marched about five miles from the station to an old field called Pageland, a flat open plain just north of Warrenton Turnpike where the Page family had intended to build a mansion and develop a plantation. And all too often young soldiers—brave and true boys—give their lives for no good reason at all. ‘What breakfast could possibly compare with this,’ Union Lieutenant Theodore Ayrault Dodge wrote in his journal in 1862—’hard crackers, boiled beef (2 days in the haversack) and bologna sausage (ditto).’ Officially, the daily Union ration consisted of 22 ounces of bread and either 12 ounces of pork or a pound of salted beef. We learn that when soldiers fight, they seldom fight alone. Some recent estimates claim the totals were actually higher. To discover more information on Union regimental histories one should first look at Frederick Dyer's "A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion" which is published by Morningside Pres… Only 1 left in stock - order soon. This database contains regiment records from the American Civil War in the United States. A Civil War army on a march must have been a sight to see: soldiers stretched out for miles, with horses and mules pulling large cannons, and followed by wagon trains. To fill the hours, Yanks and Rebels wrote letter after letter to family, friends, and sweethearts. Free Pennsylvania Civil War rosters, histories, draft lists, biographies, letters, diaries, & Medal of Honor Recipients. Court martial records list over 100,000 incidents of sexual misconduct, and the Surgeon General of the United States Army documented 183,000 cases of venereal disease in the Union Army. Marx/Classic Toy Soldiers, Inc Civil War Confederate Artillery Set. Convalescents provided the nursing care to their comrades at the hospital. Search the service records of over 6 million men, blue and gray, who served in the Civil War. The hell faced by the men of the 15th Alabama at Haymarket was experienced by thousands of soldiers on both sides. This database contains the names of approximately 6.3 million soldiers who served in the American Civil War. [citation needed]Given the large number of boys and young men in the American Civil War, compared to the number of older men, one author stated that it “might have been called The Boys’ War.” Heroes and Cowards provides important insight into the lives and social bondings of those who left home and hearth to risk life and limb. Overcome with emotion from this profusion of sickness and death, one private wrote in despair: “Beneath the soil of Prince William [County], now slumber in quiet repose, secure from summer’s heat and winter’s cold, from the cares of life and shock of strife, the noblest and best of the regiment.”. How Many Fought $4.99 shipping. Whenever armies remained settled in camp, sanitary conditions worsened. It is not known precisely how many men the 15th Alabama buried in the fields around St. Paul’s Church, where their remains still lay after all this time. All around Centreville and Manassas, near where the Confederates had won their first major victory in a battle fought on July 21, Brigadier General Joseph E. Johnston had extended the Southern lines. Throughout the desolation of this epidemic, the 15th Alabama—just like all the other regiments—was ordered to keep up its drill four hours a day, although those who were not sick began to lose their strength under the physical burdens they had to bear. They were desperate, these young Confederate boys who cherished their Bibles and wrote home to their families to inform them that they kept up with their Scripture readings despite the taxing demands that the army placed on them every day. Oates visited St. Paul’s and described with a critical eye what he saw there: At this improvised hospital there was neither accommodations nor comfort; no bedding but the soldier’s blanket, with his knapsack for a pillow, and no nourishment but army rations; a scant supply of medicine and no medical attention worth having, except such as old Dr. Shepherd…could give….The nights in October were cold, and early in the month there was frost, and the suffering of the sick men was intolerable….It was no uncommon sight at that hospital to see six or seven corpses of 15th Alabama men laid out at once. Few of the men who got sick in their camps recovered from their illnesses; most who contracted measles or mumps or whooping cough or typhoid—or any of the other highly contagious and highly lethal diseases that sliced through Civil War armies—died without ever really understanding what had happened to them or why they had to die. • Multiple and diverse social factors that allowed some men to survive horrendous POW camps while others perished. Disease killed twice as many men as combat. Disease and primitive medical knowledge were the Civil War soldier’s worst enemies. This index was a joint project of the U.S. National Park Service, the Federation of Genealogical Societies (FGS), and the Genealogical Society of Utah (GSU). Making a Living The analysis of war data in Massachusetts is a good case sample. Union soldiers fought to preserve the Union; the common Confederate fought to defend his home. Of every 1,000 Feder-als, 112 were wounded; 150 of every 1,000 Confederates were hit. The young nation experienced bloodshed of a magnitude that has not been equaled since by any other American conflict. Instead, they wisely decided to bring all their facts and figures and statistics into a human focus by coupling this research data with thorough, insightful personality profiles. Oates was a lawyer, newspaper publisher and editor, as well as a former fugitive from justice who had spent part of his youth as a gambler in Texas. Using information from government documents (e.g., pension records), as well as soldiers’ journals and letters and other available data, the authors provide a compelling look at the influence of social interaction and social networks during a time of war. Some data has been edited due to new research since the original article was published. In March 1865, the Confederate congress authorized the army to recruit 300,000 black troops. Many of the sick, however, were quartered in tents raised in the fields around the church, the fields that already held those soldiers who had not recovered from their wounds after the Battle of Manassas. U.S., Civil War Soldiers, 1861-1865. Listing of Civil War Photos About 600 photographs of Maine Civil War officers which were solicited by the Adjutant General during and immediately after the War, plus a few images of privates and non-coms which have been donate. The Odds Against Them And he was probably right. (Oates called him “Georgia’s most erratic and greatest talker.”) Not far from the camp were “bold springs” of water, the kind Virginia was noted for, Oates said happily. Reinforcements from all over the South were being rushed to the Manassas defenses as recruits poured into the army in the wake of the fighting along Bull Run. Some units were raised, but it was too late for them to make a difference. Southerners who had not farmed included carpenters, mechanics, merchants, machinists, lawyers, teachers, blacksmiths, and dentists. Nonetheless, large numbers of stout-hearted newcomers to the country also volunteered to fight–especially in the North. Army Melting Pots When they heard the news, the men cheered and sang all through the night. The trees had been chopped to pieces by musket volleys. Soldiers played checkers, chess, and baseball, whittled and carved, and if they were feeling particularly creative, would even put on plays. Teachers should refer to A Guide for Classroom Teachers Researching the Civil War at the Pennsylvania State Archives (PDF). Vegetables such as beans and peas often proved hard to come by, especially for the Rebs. About 2.75 million soldiers fought in the Civil War — 2 million for the North and 750,000 for the South. To McClendon, the “horrible” battlefield offered “sad scenes” that “furnished food for reflection.” Although some tried to treat the tour as a frolic, no one who visited the battlefield that day would ever regard war in quite the same fashion as he had done before. Oates and the other capable officers and men of the 15th struck their tents under a sweltering sun, leaving about 300 of the regiment’s sick behind, and marched up and down the swales of the Warrenton Turnpike toward Bull Run. Gus McClendon reported that some of the men treated the outing like a picnic, and they felt “like birds turned out of a cage.” Nevertheless, he and his companions could not avoid being amazed at the sight of the remnants of a stand of pine where the 7th Georgia was known to have held its ground during the battle. 3. U.S., Civil War … They had no idea of the far worse horrors yet to come. Soldiers This area of the site allows you to search, by last name only, a database of over 150,000 soldiers, sailors and marines that served in Massachusetts units and regiments during the Civil War. the average soldier during the Civil War creates a certain connection to the present-day public, when Americans are becoming more conscious of their nutritional intake and can relate to others in terms of calories and carbohydrates.2 The average soldier in this work is defined as the private or non-commissioned officer of the infantry. Had the authors chosen to make the book primarily a scholarly examination of data and information, it wouldn’t have been accessible to the average Civil War buff. The 15th Alabama’s was set up at Haymarket, a little village of a handful of houses and shops 10 miles west of Manassas Junction. $5.00 shipping. Those who fell to sickness were stricken by the fear—and the near certainty—of approaching death. Someone in Johnston’s high command eventually decided that the Alabamians had stayed in Pageland long enough, and around the middle of September the 15th Alabama, along with several other regiments, received orders to transfer their camps closer to Centreville. Usually, Yankees banked on hardtack and coffee, while their counterparts tried to get by on corn bread and coffee. He remarked that they strolled by the Widow Henry house, where the widow herself had been “kiled on her bed” during the battle. Accumulation over time created an unpleasant and unhealthy environment. Although no two men had the exact same journey into the army, experience in battle or emotional response to their involvement, similar threads weave their … 600 Jewish soldiers died in the war. 7 Figures (Union Figures Done in Gray) Plus 1 Classic Toy Soldiers, Inc Civil War Cannon Offered by Classic Toy Soldiers, Inc. 5.0 out of 5 stars 1. Confederates read Southern Illustrated News, Southern Literary Messenger, and Field and Fireside. At Camp Toombs, where the remainder of the 15th Alabama spent that autumn, camp life fell into the same old routines. Later in the war the soldiers denominated such rumors as ‘grapevine telegrams’ and paid no attention to them.” In the loneliness of an army camp, with thousands of fellow soldiers all around, some of the men, Oates claimed, died of homesickness. About 100 of the regiment’s men died over the span of six weeks. On the march, Captain Benjamin Gardner of Company I led his men while he held a great umbrella over his head. Request Copies of Records You can order online or use NATF Form 86 for military service records and NATF Form 85 for pension records. The first man in the regiment to die was Andrew J. Folmar, 18, a private in Company I. Other information on the site includes histories of Union and Confederate regiments, links to descriptions of significant battles, and selected lists of prisoner-of-war records and cemetery records, which will be amended over time. In spite of the warnings of officers, bouts of drinking and especially gambling broke out. This article was first published in MHQ, Spring 2004. Most of the men were Christian, though 7,000 Jews fought for the Union and 3,000 for the South. A Yankee stood a 1 in 8 chance of dying due to illness and a 1 in 18 chance of dying in battle. Nor were bullets and shells the only or greatest threat to Civil War soldiers. In the Union army, 80 percent of the men were in the infantry, 14 percent in the cavalry, and 6 percent in artillery. The Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System (CWSS) is a database containing information about the men who served in the Union and Confederate armies during the Civil War. Guide to Civil War Records (PDF) by Douglas L. Royer. Index of soldiers who served in the Civil War, 1861-1865 culled from 6.3 million soldier records in the General Index Cards to the Compiled Military Service Records in the National Archives. Ill and dying soldiers from the 15th Alabama, including the ones who had been left behind at Pageland and those who had more recently succumbed to disease in Camp Toombs, were transported in uncomfortable springless wagons to the field hospital in Haymarket. This would explain why many wounded Union troops were so anxious to return to their units, even though they may not have been fully recovered from their injuries. Boyd and his comrades even discovered severed hands and feet on the ground. 1. Over 360,000 died in service to the North, 110,000+ in battle and 250,000+ of other causes, primarily disease. American Civil War casualties are those soldiers, both Union and Confederate, who died, were wounded, went missing or were captured. The violence in battles such as Shiloh, Antietam, Stones River and Gettysburg shocked everyone in the country, both North and South. Glenn W. LaFantasie is the author of Gettysburg Requiem: The Life of William C. Oates (Oxford University Press, 2006). About U.S., Civil War Soldiers, 1861-1865 This database contains the names of approximately 6.3 million soldiers who served in the American Civil War. What William C. Oates and the boys of the 15th Alabama learned in the late summer and autumn 1861 was a lesson learned by every soldier in every war. Among the topics explored in the book are: • The make-up of various companies, where factors such as similar ethnicity, age and occupation influenced whether soldiers would remain loyal or eventually desert from the ranks. The American Civil War was the nation's bloodiest war. In addition to their names, information that may be listed for each soldier includes regiment, company, and rank. There was not that care taken of the men of any regiment, so far as my observation extended, which foresight, prudence and economy of war material—leaving humanity out of the question—imperatively demanded….Had the Confederate authorities made more persistent efforts than they did, hospitals could have been more established in sufficient numbers to have saved the lives of hundreds and thousands of good men, which were for the want of them unnecessarily sacrificed. Great deals on Civil War Lead Soldiers In Vintage & Antique Lead Toys & Figures. The noise of camp—officers shouting, feet plodding on dry sod, bugles blowing, drums tapping—echoed over Pageland in one vast discord of sound. Prisoners of War Then, on August 21, the regiment received orders to proceed to the front. Years afterward he remembered: “Occasionally we were aroused by a rumor, incident to such a life, concerning the advance or other movements of the enemy; but, having no foundation, the excitement soon subsided. Oates believed that the surgeons could be blamed as well. It is estimated that 100,000 Union soldiers were 15 years or younger. Great deals on Marx Civil War Toy Soldiers 1970-Now. The men turned to religion, as people—and particularly soldiers—do in times of doubt or utter despair. A stone marker near the entrance to the church states flatly, without mention of the dead of the 15th Alabama: “In this area are buried 80 unknown Confederate soldiers who died of wounds after the battle of Manassas, July 21, 1861.”. The men walked over the ground with expressions of awe and wonder on their faces. Taps Colonel Cantey saw to it that his companies drilled hard every day, and from miles around one could see the dust rising from Pageland like the billowing smoke of a forest fire. The worst cases—and there were hundreds of them among the troops of the 15th Alabama—resulted in death. Each record provides the full name, regiment, whether Union or Confederate, the company, the soldier's … Lice, a common plague to the soldiers, could not be removed unless the teeth of the comb were really narrow. Costa and Kahn find that many Northern soldiers saw the Civil War as a war of liberty against despotism. If nothing else, the excursion to the Manassas battlefield gave the Alabama boys reason to ponder war and its grim realities. It is virtually impossible to measure the human costs of the Civil War, the hardships and suffering it caused. During their first summer of service in the Confederate army, William C. Oates and his comrades of the 15th Alabama Infantry Regiment watched as the first casualties dropped from their ranks, not from wounds inflicted by their Federal foes but from the deadlier onslaught of microbes and viruses in their camp. All of these diseases were—and still are—highly contagious, although in our modern times we have grown accustomed to dealing with them during childhood and have vaccines that prevent their spread and other medicines that quickly wipe them out. In 1889, the Connecticut National Guard published a summary of the events of each unit’s service during the Civil war in 38 chapters, entitled "RECORD OF SERVICE OF CONNECTICUT MEN IN THE WAR OF REBELLION, 1861 TO 1865".The following are copies of segments of that history. 5.0 out of 5 stars 1. Union rosters contained references to more than 300 different careers, including accountant, surveyor, locksmith, teacher, carpenter, shoemaker, black- smith, painter, mason, teamster, and mechanic. Nearly one quarter of the Union’s soldiers were immigrants, including 200,000 Germans; 150,000 Irish; 45,000 English; 15,000 Canadians, and lesser numbers of French, Norwegians, Italians, Mexicans, and Poles. Their suffering, as he had said, was unbearable—to them and to their comrades who survived. “At the time,” wrote McClendon, “I was full of malice and hatred for the ‘Boys in Blue’ and was just as anxious to kill him as he was to kill me, yet when I would stop and take a second thought, and gaze upon those little mounds I could truthfully say of the dead ‘Boy in Blue’ that sometime, and somewhere, he had been ‘somebody’s darling.’ ” When the men walked solemnly back to Pageland and reached their camp, they thought their short journey had showed them the worst of war. Illinois Civil War Muster and Descriptive Rolls Illinois State Archives ... To locate all soldiers in a particular company, choose the company's letter from the drop-down menu in the "Company" field and the unit designation from the drop-down menu in the "Unit" field. For those on death’s doorstep, the longing for home was even more pronounced. Over 1,500 Medals of Honor were awarded to soldiers and sailors who “distinguish[ed] themselves by their gallantry.”. After the initial symptoms, their condition generally worsened. Combs $42.90 $ 42. At first, the terrain matched their own romantic conceptions of the battle and the heroes who had fallen fighting for their righteous cause. While Gus McClendon was on guard duty one day, a little girl gave him a Bible as a present, all carefully inscribed with the girl’s name. Men on both sides were inspired to fight by patriotism, state pride, the chance for adventure, steady pay. Complete 5 volume searchable Bates. Soothing the Savage Breast Tips on ways to discover if your ancestor was in the military with instuctions how to order your ancestor's military … No one, including the small number of surgeons assigned to the army, knew that the disease was carried on droplets through the air and that proximity to the virus meant almost certain infection. 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