As the argument develops, the comparison of the relation between lovers develops with other metaphors of myth, religion and so on. A person who suffers "ruin" is generally reduced by an outside attack of some kind, not by profligate actions of his own. Sketching a memorable metaphysical image, Donne writes. The juxtaposition of love and religion in “The Canonization,” a courtly love poem, along with many of Donne’s other love poetry, is a subtle lead into Donne’s later religious poetry, which also combines tinges of romantic love with religion to create an imitable take on holiness. "The Canonization by John Donne: Summary and Critical Analysis." In Canonization the poet and his beloved are canonized. The personal in the poem speaks about the transformation of worldly lovers into holy saints as in the Catholic Christian custom of 'canonization'. If the addressee cannot hold his tongue, the speaker tellshim to criticize him for other shortcomings (other than his tendencyto love): his palsy, his gout, his “five grey hairs,” or his ruinedfortune. The argument in the poem is forceful, suggestive and witty. The speaker is addressing someone who seems to disapprove of his love. He contrasts small actions, such as a lover's sigh or tears shed, with grand events, such as the sinking of a "merchant's ships" and the floods that caused that sinking. The Canonization, poem by John Donne, written in the 1590s and originally published in 1633 in the first edition of Songs and Sonnets. The love is so colossal that the narrator and his beloved are to be canonized after their death. Donne next compares the lovers to "the eagle and the dove," alluding to the Renaissance idea of the Ptolemaic theory of the universe as concentric circles. Thus, 'canonization' is in many ways a typical metaphysical poem where the complexity of substance is expressed with simplicity of expression. In the beginning the speaker expresses his commitment to love. Throughout this poem Donne reveals both concepts of physical love and spiritual love. Welcome to india/Bienvenue en Inde. In the final stanzas, the speaker introduces a metaphor comparing himself and his lover to a phoenix. The Canonization is a poem written by metaphysical poet John Donne. The speaker proposes that the heat of passion may keep him young, despite his advancing age. Next, he discusses love in terms of 'sighs', 'cold' and 'heat'. In "The Canonization," he uses the relationship between the spiritual and the erotic as framework to emphasize the close ties between spiritual and physical love. Word Count: 487. First published in 1633, the poem exemplifies Donne's wit and irony. ... and at out own cost die;” These lines Donne uses the metaphor of a moth drawn to a flame. John Donne’s poem “The Canonization” really speaks to me. Finally, the metaphor fails because canonization of a pope does not imply a blessing on his papacy. With using these words when talking about love the speaker implies that love is similar to a love with God, and that love is spiritual. The words that Donne has chosen in this poem are an example of a poetic technique that not only allows the reader to understand the speaker, but also be able to […] Learn exactly what happened in this chapter, scene, or section of Donne’s Poetry and what it means. As the argument develops, the comparison of the relation between lovers develops with other metaphors of myth, religion and so on. In the penultimate line, Donne adapts his frequent method for emphasis of an idea, expanding the individual concern or state to universal proportions. A Study of “The Canonization” Poetry is a unique way of expressing one’s feelings. The speaker equates worldly human love with the ascetic life of unworldly saints. His love has not altered the seasons or killed anyone with infection; nor has it, he adds, affected soldiers or lawyers who will continue with their normal actions even "Though she and I do love." This type of metaphor is often unusual and challenging. Can ‘sighs’ turn into ‘sea storms’ or ‘tears’ cause floods or the ‘heat of passion’ cause plagues. The whole poem can be seen as an extension of the central unusual comparison of the canonization of a lover! As the speaker faces an intruder and argues with him, he links 'lover's sigh' with 'merchant's ships', 'colds' with 'spring', 'heat' with 'plague' and 'love songs' with divine hymns. These aren't just any old pigeons, though. His suggestion of the small urn's equality to the most lavish of tombs was made famous in the title of the 20th-century formalist critic Cleanth Brooks's seminal book The Well Wrought Urn: Studies in the Structure of Poetry. While the eagle flew in the sublunar space, that of the sky above earth, doves ascended and descended to and from the upper heavens, according to biblical passages such as the one in which the Holy Spirit descends from heaven during the baptism of Christ by John the Baptist. The papacy is what brought the world’s attention to these two men. The use of alliteration emphasizes that the attacker does not simply whisper about the speaker's problems but flaunts them, suggesting he shows contempt for the debt, defying laws of decency. The poem “The Canonization” written by John Donne is about love. The results escalate to the level of the absurd, with the speaker questioning. The whole poem can be seen as an extension of the central unusual comparison of the canonization of a lover! | In other words, there is 'a yoking together of heterogeneous images by violence'. It uses conceits, allusions from the medieval philosophy of metaphysics, a dramatic situation and an impassioned monologue, a speech-like rhythm, and colloquial language, all of which make it a typical "metaphysical" poem. Canonization preceded the granting of sainthood, and those deemed saints could be called upon by humans for intervention with God in important matters. The poet is both sensuous and realistic in his treatment of love. A Critcal Look at John Donne's "The Canonization" John Donne is one of the seventeenth centuries most read and criticized poets. The poem’s speaker uses religious terms to attempt to prove that his love affair is an elevated bond that approaches saintliness. Each of five stanzas is of nine lines, and a rhyming scheme such as: abbacccaa. For the poet daringly treats profane love as if it were divine love. In a few words Donne sets a scene in which his audience understands that the "hero" of his poem has been attacked through words, probably gossip, due to the hero's manner of loving. In “The Canonization,” Donne sets up a five-stanza argument to demonstrate the purity and power of his love for another. The speaker assumes that like the phoenix, the lovers would 'die and rise at the same time' and prove 'mysterious by their love'. Sharma, K.N. An analysis of the most important parts of the poem The Canonization by John Donne, written in an easy-to-understand format. The speaker states that the You he addresses made the homes, or "hermitage," of others their own through their intrusion or spying. This title suggests that the poet and his beloved will become 'saints of love' in the future: and they will be regarded as saints of true love in the whole world in the future. But Donne saves his most dramatic comparison for the final two lines of this stanza, writing, "And by these hymns, all shall approve / Us Canonized for love." The basic metaphor which underlies the poem (and which is re- flected in the title) involves a sort of paradox. The whole poem is in such shockingly new language and rhythm. Each of the birds used in the poem holds a specific symbolic importance, allowing Donne's ideas about love and gender to take flight.. Line 20: Now, don't get all National Geographic on us. He often utilized that technique, as in "A Valediction, Forbidding Mourning," among others. Not only do they provide an example, their names may be called upon in order to intercede with requests that their own passion be increased. Figure Of Speechin Concluding Stanza Of Forbidding Mourn, Since Theres No Help Come Let Us Kiss And Part Michael Drayton. They illustrate the shock tactic used in most of Donne's metaphysical poems. This combination proved unseemly to many in cultures that followed Donne's own, and for that reason his poetry did not gain popularity until the 20th century. Those for whom "love was peace that now is rage" once valued a quiet method for romance but now crave a far more passionate approach, signified by rage. This suggestion supports the final stanza, in which the brazen speaker claims that the very antagonists attacking him, and others of his ilk, will call upon the speaker's love as a model for their own. Canonization in the Catholic Church occurs when individuals have proved themselves practitioners of "heroic virtue." BachelorandMaster, 11 Nov. 2013, bachelorandmaster.com/britishandamericanpoetry/the-canonization.html. +91-9509777776 The very beginning "For God's sake....." is a good example. Though the rhythm is rough and conversational, the poem is written mainly in iambic pentameter. It is likely Donne’s best-known poem, though this poem among others have been highly influential. By titling his poem "The Canonization," Donne prepares his readers for a religious poem but delivers something entirely different. Again Donne's word choice proves imperative for its connotation. The speaker begins with a dramatic address suitable to the stage, crying to an unseen provoker, "For God's sake hold your tongue, and let me love." Donne chooses the verb chide to make clear that the speaker's nemesis seems a nag with so little to do, he must select an innocent person to rebuke. Donne draws his images from various fields of knowledge such as –astronomy, geology, chemistry, physiology, law and theology. Supported by the logical precision in which Donne excelled, his writing emphasizes balance in relationships and between themes. The speaker in the poem claims that he and his beloved will be canonized when the poet immortalizes their love, and that lovers of the future will invoke to them to give them the strength of spiritual love. Metaphysical poetry characteristically relies on conceits, or single dominant extended metaphors, in order to logically portray abstract concepts in rather novel ways, as opposed to the more traditionally poignant methods that came before the genre (Harmon 317). According to Brooks, there are superficially many ways to read "The Canonization," but the most likely interpretation is that, despite his witty tone and extravagant metaphors , Donne's speaker takes both love and religion seriously. Upon opening discussion of the fourth stanza, it is stated that “None of the earlier conceits is drawn upon in [it]” (Unger 28), but the link between the third and fourth stanza regarding the phoenix metaphor is very clear to me. However, most scholars also agree that much of his romantic poetry reflects his grounding since childhood in the Catholic faith, seen often in the figurative language he adopts to write of love and its erotic aspects. 'Canonization' links together disharmonious images. " Donne's ' Canonization,' he tells us, ought to pro- vide a sufficiently extreme instance." His poem “The Canonization” is the focus of this essay. The speaker uses words from the register of trade, commerce, medicine and myth so as to elaborate his concept of metaphysical love. When did my colds a forward spring remove? Faith enabled many to understand those metaphors in their profoundly religious sense and not simply as literary allusions or political metaphors. passiondelinde@gmail.com. Donne's choice of canonization as suggesting role models and intercessors proves vital to the meaning of his poem. But, unluckily, he is being disturbed by a man who comes to a place where he is making love. The speaker equates worldly human love with the ascetic life of unworldly saints. Donne extends the metaphor of fire by using the phoenix, a mythological bird that recreated itself every 500 years, and suggesting its constant renewal as a riddle. Fusion of emotion and intellect is another important feature of the poem. The lines are highly dramatic. The second stanza continues the speaker's application of logic, as he questions how his love injures or harms others. This metaphor shows the reader the physical passion between these two lovers and the way Done uses the word “die” in line twenty-one is referring to an orgasm between these two lovers. The stanza concludes with an allusion to the Platonic notion that two lovers could join to form a perfect whole: "We die and rise the same, and prove / Mysterious by this love.". Who did the whole world's soul extract, and drove. Donne's "Canonization" is an example of metaphysical poetry. If their story is not told in history, it will certainly be presented through art: We'll build in sonnets pretty rooms; As well a well wrought urn becomes The greatest ashes, as half-acre tombs. Donne uses these metaphors to laugh at the Petrarchan paraphernalia of love. There are a few birds flitting through this poem, generally in the form of metaphors which the speaker uses to describe himself and his lover. The poem “The Canonization” written by John Donne is about love. In the poem, Donne makes able use But Donne makes clear that these positions of "service" equate to simple toadyism, contemplating, for instance, the king's "real, or his stamped face," with "stamped face" probably meaning that which appeared on currency of the realm. The flooding, plain water, tears, drowning, and the wetness of ocean water could very probably be construed a metaphor that is related to sex in which case Donne compares to the flow of sexual fluids. Contact Us The taper metaphor invokes thoughts of burning candles, which eventually disappear, as he and his lover might eventually die, consumed by their passion. One of the most important elements of ‘ The Canonization’ is the use of an extended metaphor, known as conceit. Here he broaches the blasphemous suggestion that his physical love bears an importance equal to that of the canonized saints. He next offers the antagonist substitute targets for his slander, including the obviously aged speaker's physical attributes, such as his "palsy," "gout," and "five gray hairs." In the lines that follow, the poet uses more and more of disharmonious associations. Brooks analyses several poems to illustrate his argument, but cites "The Canonization" as his main evidence. The poem begins abruptly in typical Donne fashion. It is addressed to one friend from another, but concerns itself with the complexities of romantic love: the speaker presents love as so all-consuming that lovers forgo other pursuits in order to spend time together. In The Canonization by John Donne, the speaker uses spiritual expressions, such as mysterious (27), hymn (35), canonized (36), reverend (37), and hermitage (38). My favorite poems are those that capture an essence of my own feelings. 'Palsy' and 'gout' for instance belong to the register of medicine while 'merchant' and 'ship' signify the realm of trade and commerce. He admonishes the addressee to look to his own mind andhis own wealth and to think of his position and copy the other nobles(“Observe his Honour, or his Grace, / Or the King’s real, or hisstamped face / Contemplate.”) The speaker does not care what thead… All of these words share a religious connotation. The poem makes an impressive beginning with an abrupt jump into the situation: 'Hold your tongue and let me love.' John Donne turns this tool into an art form in his poetry as he weaves absurd relationships between two or more seemingly unrelated ideas. Perfect for acing essays, tests, and quizzes, as well as for writing lesson plans. The romantic affair and the moral status of the worldly lovers are compared to the ascetic life of unworldly saints. While 'Phoenix' relates to myth, 'hymns' concerns religion and 'chronicles' means 'history'. Imagery means the making of pictures in word. Not only might the antagonist attack him simply for his age, which amounts to petty cruelty, but he might also criticize the speaker's lack of material goods and social position, saying the attacker might his "ruined fortune flout." Donne incorporates various words suggesting religion, including invoke and reverend, that would have scandalized Victorian readers. An imagery may consist of conceit, simile, metaphor, hyperbole, allusion and other figures of speech. The fusion is observed in the comparison of the lovers to the mysterious phoenix and the divine saints. Reference to this mythical being well sums up Donne's theory of sexual metaphysics; a real and complete relation between a man and a woman fuses their soul into one whole. Use of surprising registers (words) is another feature of the poem. But the word loves is, for some reason, always used in slant rhyming as in love/ approve, love/ improve, etc. As the argument proceeds, the comparison of the relation between lovers moves from the register of trade and myth to a climax where true lovers are equated with canonized saints. In the state-promoted version of Mazu worship, the goddess is represented as a protector and promoter of state interests. The general argument and its development are clear like its dramatic situations. Each stanza begins and ends with the word “love.” The fourth and eighth lines of each stanza end with a word also ending -ove (the pattern is consistently abbacccaa), all of which unifies the poem around a central theme. He equates lovers to 'flies' and 'tapers', 'Eagle' and 'Dove', 'Phoenix' and 'saints'. Donne's choice of canonization as suggesting role models and intercessors proves vital to the meaning of his poem. In light of Feuchtwang’s “imperial metaphor,” my study of state canonization of Mazu confirms the strong connection of Mazu worship with imperial ideology. The speaker uses colloquial words, rough idioms and broken rhythm, all of which characterize metaphysical poems. The poem “The Canonization” reflects the superiority of love between lovers, in this case Donne and his beloved. The speaker orders his assailant, "Take you a course, get you a place," suggesting situations that at first glance seem to have high status, serving "his hounour, or his grace," or a "King." That era proved more open to the exaggeration and surprising comparisons of metaphysical poets and poetry that had so scandalized earlier readers. The use of metaphors can greatly influence the effectiveness of an authors message, when used correctly. Donne's focus on the theme of union, both physical and spiritual, dominates his work. Privacy and Cookie Policy The old lover gives energy to reply to him. Canonization preceded the granting of sainthood, and those deemed saints could be called upon by humans for intervention with God in important matters. The allusions are sometimes too forced, but that is a part of such poetry. (1633) Critics basically agree to divide John Donne's writing into two groups related to his life stages, his romantic, or love, poetry in the stage dating prior to 1615, and the spiritual poetry emanating from the time of his ordination in 1615 to the year of his death, 1631. He concludes the first of his five nine-line stanzas having established himself as an innocent, set upon by undesirables who have no loves of their own. The speaker of the poem is an old man who has just got the good luck of having a young beloved! The first two stanzas are rhetorical full of contempt and rebuff for those who argue against love. A person labeled as heroic is believed to have acted in an exceptional manner that ranks him above the common man, while one who practices virtue possesses a soul already redeemed by Christ, enabling him to reject things material in favor of things spiritual. A summary of Part X (Section2) in John Donne's Donne’s Poetry. It is addressed to one friend from another, but concerns itself with the complexities of romantic love: the speaker presents love as so all-consuming that lovers forgo other pursuits to spend time together. "The Canonization" is a poem by English metaphysical poet John Donne. An analysis of the poem found in “Donne’s Poetry and Modern Criticism” by Leonard Unger also neglects the phoenix metaphor. In the third stanza of canonization, metaphysical conceit takes to the air. The speaker feels that those who spied upon others did so for vicarious needs and internalized what they observed. For God's sake hold your tongue, and let me love, Or chide my palsy, or my gout, My five gray hairs, or ruined fortune flout, With wealth your state, your mind with arts improve, This intruder (one who disturbs) seems to have told him not to do like this. There is a lot of hyperbole. Last Updated on October 26, 2018, by eNotes Editorial. They may not to be found in tombs but in sonnets where their love is cherished. The speaker is concerned that because of the provoker's judgment, he will not be allowed to continue his love. It is nice to be able to relate your feelings to a poem when you can’t really put things into your own words. His next lines further allow his speaker to belittle the antagonist. Having reduced his attacker to the level of fool, the speaker moves into the next stanza inviting others to label him and his lover whatever they wish; labels do not alter the reality of their love: Call us what you will, we are made such by love; We're tapers too, and at our own cost die. The speaker asks his addressee to be quiet, and let himlove. | Donne carries the idea of love and death into the penultimate stanza, his first line reading, "We can die by it, if not live by love," suggesting that once dead, the lovers will become the subject of legend and chronicle, their story preserved as an example to others. The poem uses an elaborate conceit. Love is paralleled with dove by Donne as well as the eagle and phoenix. But the ceremony last Sunday was about each man’s qualities of holiness and about the example each sets before the faithful. Throughout this poem Donne reveals both concepts of physical love and spiritual love. About Us First published in 1633, the poem is viewed as exemplifying Donne's wit and irony. The speaker argues with the intruding stranger so as to justify his metaphysical logic of love. The speaker does not care what other occupations the antagonist chooses, as long as he will "let me love." The poem ‘Canonization’ by John Donne, with its witty analogies and inventive use of conceits, exemplifies metaphysical poetry. |, Copyright © www.bachelorandmaster.com All Rights Reserved. Into the glasses of your eyes, So made such mirrors, and such spies, That they did all to you epitomize, Countries, towns, courts; beg from above A pattern of your love! Within those circles various creatures moved. Old lover gives energy to reply to him of changing an ordinary religious person into a saint in Catholic custom! Often utilized that technique, as he questions how his love injures or others. 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Rough and conversational, the poem ‘ Canonization ’ by John Donne ’ poetry! 1633, the poet and his lover to a phoenix and challenging poet is sensuous... This intruder ( one who disturbs ) seems to have told him not do... For vicarious needs and internalized what they observed its development are clear like its situations... Are compared to the exaggeration and surprising comparisons of metaphysical poetry follow, the goddess is represented as protector. Saint in Catholic Christian religion human love with the ascetic life of unworldly saints poet uses and. 'History ', 'cold ' and 'saints ' ” written by John Donne ’ s feelings quizzes, as weaves! “ Donne ’ s best-known poem, though this poem among others have been highly..